The lungs are vital for breathing and supplying oxygen to every cell in the body. However, various lung diseases can disrupt their function, ranging from mild conditions to life-threatening illnesses. Gaining knowledge about the causes, symptoms, and treatment of common lung diseases supports early detection and effective management.
1. Asthma
Cause:
- The immune system overreacts to stressors such as allergies, dust, smoke, or exercise.
- Inflammation and constriction of the airways.
Symptoms:
- Wheezing
- Shortness of breath.
- Chest tightness.
- Persistent coughing
Treatment:
- Inhalers (bronchodilators and corticosteroids)
- Avoiding Triggers
- Breathing exercises
2. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder (COPD)
Cause:
- Long-term smoking (primary cause).
- Exposure to pollution and chemical fumes
- Genetic factors (alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency)
Symptoms:
- Chronic cough with mucus.
- Shortness of breath (particularly during exertion)
- Frequent respiratory illnesses.
- Fatigue
Treatment:
- Quit smoking
- Medication (bronchodilators, steroids)
- Oxygen Therapy
- Respiratory rehabilitation
3. Pneumonia
Cause:
- Infection with bacteria (such as Streptococcus pneumoniae), viruses, or fungi.
- Weak immune systems increase risk.
Symptoms:
- High fever with chills.
- Cough up phlegm or pus
- Chest pain during breathing or coughing
- Fatigue and weakness.
Treatment:
- Antibiotics for bacterial pneumonia.
- Antiviral or antifungal medications (if applicable)
- Rest, water, and oxygen therapy.
4. Tuberculosis
Cause:
- Caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
- It spreads through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes.
Symptoms:
- persistent cough (greater than 2-3 weeks)
- Coughing up blood.
- Night sweats.
- Weight loss and fatigue
Treatment:
- Long-term course (6-9 months) of various antibiotics.
- To prevent resistance, treatment should be monitored on a regular basis.
5. Lung cancer
Cause:
- Smoking (the primary cause)
- Exposure to asbestos, radon gas, or hazardous substances
- Family history
Symptoms:
- Chronic cough (often worsening)
- Coughing up blood.
- Chest discomfort.
- unexplained weight loss
- Shortness of breath.
Treatment:
- Surgery (removing tumours)
- chemotherapy and radiation
- Targeted medication therapy
- Immunotherapy
Conclusion
Lung disorders such as asthma, COPD, pneumonia, TB, and lung cancer afflict millions of people around the world. Early detection of symptoms and prompt treatment are essential for recovery and improved quality of life. Lifestyle modifications such as quitting smoking, minimising pollution exposure, and keeping physically active can help prevent lung disease.
FAQs
Q1: What is the most common lung disease?
Asthma and COPD are among the most common chronic lung diseases.
Q2: Can pneumonia be life-threatening?
Yes, severe pneumonia can be life-threatening, especially in infants, the elderly, and people with weak immunity.
Q3: Is tuberculosis curable?
Yes, TB is curable with a full course of antibiotics, though treatment takes several months.
Q4: How can I lower my risk of lung cancer?
Avoid smoking, reduce exposure to harmful chemicals, and maintain regular health check-ups.
Q5: What tests diagnose lung diseases?
X-rays, CT scans, lung function tests, and sputum tests are commonly used.
